|
Robbins, Harold
|
(1916- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roberts, Oral
|
(1918- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roberts, Sir Charles
|
(1860-1943)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Robeson, Paul
|
(1898-1976)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Robespierre, Maximilien
|
(1758-1794)
|
French
|
Revolutionary leader. He created the "Reign of Terror."
|
2
|
|
Robin Hood
|
(13th-c)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Robinson, John
|
(1919-83)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rochester, John
|
(1647-1680)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rockefeller, John
|
( )
|
|
|
2
|
|
Rockefeller, John D.
|
(1839-1937)
|
American
|
Oil company owner, monopolist. To some a "robber baron," to others a philanthropist on an unprecedented scale.
|
2
|
|
Rockefeller, John D. Jr.
|
(1874-1960)
|
American
|
Philanthropist. He devoted his life to giving away money.
|
2
|
|
Rockefeller, Laurance
|
(1910-2004)
|
American
|
Leading conservationist.
|
2
|
|
Rockwell, George
|
(1918-1967)
|
American
|
Nazi.
|
1
|
|
Rodbertus, Johann
|
(1805-1875)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rodgers, Richard
|
(1902-1979)
|
American
|
Composer. He interpreted American life.
|
3
|
|
Roger of Taize, Brother
|
(1915- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rogers, Carl
|
(1902-1987)
|
|
|
3
|
|
Rogers, Will
|
(1879-1935)
|
American
|
Actor. He became a symbol of decency and a commonsense interpreter of American life.
|
2
|
|
Rohde, Ruth
|
(1885-1954)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Rohmer, Sax
|
(c.1883-1959)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roland
|
(?-778)
|
French
|
Knight. He was an exemplar of chivalry and devotion to duty.
|
2
|
|
Rolle, Richard of Hampole
|
(c.1290-1349)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rolls, C. S.
|
(1877-1910)
|
English
|
Founder of Rolls-Royce. His cars became the ultimate symbol of luxury.
|
1
|
|
Romains, Jules
|
(1885-1972)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Romero, Oscar
|
(1917-80)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Romilly, Sir Samuel
|
(1757-1818)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roosevelt, Eleanor
|
(1884-1962)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
|
(1882-1945)
|
American
|
Statesman, president. Was he a warm-hearted rescuer of his country during Depression and World War...or an example of low political cunning, dishonesty, and manipulation which only deepened the economic crisis?
|
1
|
|
Roosevelt, Theodore
|
(1858-1919)
|
American
|
President, conservationist. He represented yet another version of the "tough man," in this case a self-made "tough man" who in his youth was sickly and unprepossessing.
|
1
|
|
Root, Elihu
|
(1845-1937)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roper, Elmo
|
(1900-1971)
|
American
|
He pioneered public opinion polling.
|
1
|
|
Rorem, Ned
|
(1923- )
|
American
|
Composer, writer. He was a legendary bohemian.
|
1
|
|
Rorschach, Hermann
|
(1884-1922)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rorty, Richard
|
(1931- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roscellinus, Johannes
|
(c.1050-c.1120)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rosenberg, Alfred
|
(1893-1946)
|
German
|
Nazi politician and theoretician.
|
1
|
|
Rosenberg, Ethel
|
(1915-1953)
|
American
|
Communist. She was executed for spying.
|
1
|
|
Rosenberg, Julius
|
(1918-1953)
|
American
|
Communist. He was also executed for spying.
|
1
|
|
Rosenzweig, Franz
|
(1886-1929)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Ross, Harold
|
(1892-1951)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rostand, Edmond
|
(1868-1918)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Roth, Henry
|
(1906- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rothacker, Erich
|
(1888-1965)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rothschild, Meyer
|
(1743-1812)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rousseau, Jean
|
(1712-1778)
|
|
|
3
|
|
Rout, Ettie
|
(1877-1936)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rowbotham, Sheila
|
(1943- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rowntree, B. Seebohm
|
(1871-1954)
|
English
|
Chocolate company owner. He pioneered ideas of worker participation.
|
1
|
|
Royce, Josiah
|
(1855-1916)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rubinstein, Helena
|
(1870-1965)
|
Hungarian-American
|
Cosmetics and salon entrepreneur. (See Estee Lauder for comment.)
|
1
|
|
Ruether, Rosemary
|
(1936- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Ruggles-Brise, Sir Evelyn
|
(1857-1935)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Runyon, Damon
|
(1884-1946)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rush, Benjamin
|
(1745-1813)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rushdie, Salman
|
(1947- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Ruskin, John
|
(1819-1900)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Russell, Bertrand
|
(1872-1970)
|
|
|
3
|
|
Russell, Charles
|
(1852-1916)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Russell, George
|
(1867-1935)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Russell, Lord John
|
(1792-1878)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rustin, Bayard
|
(1910-87)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Ruth
|
( )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Rykov, Alexey
|
(1881-1938)
|
Russian
|
Communist revolutionary. He was one of the many "heroes" of the Russian Revolution who were killed by Stalin.
|
1
|
|
Ryle, Gilbert
|
(1900-1976)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sabatini, Rafael
|
(1875-1950)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sacco, Nicola
|
(1891-1927)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von
|
(1836-1895)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sackville-West, Vita
|
(1892-1962)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sadat, Anwar
|
(1918-81)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sade, Marquis de
|
(1740-1814)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Sadi
|
(c.1184-?1292)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Sadler, Michael
|
(1780-1835)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sainte-Beuve, Charles
|
(1804-1869)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Saint-Exupery, Antoine
|
(1900-1944)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Saint-Laurent, Yves
|
(1936- )
|
French
|
Fashion designer. A lover of high style, luxury, and Bohemian living, he also became an exemplar of the neurotic style in art and life.
|
1
|
|
Saint-Simon, Claude
|
(1760-1825)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Saint-Simon, Louis
|
(1675-1755)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Sakharov, Andrey
|
(1921-89)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Saladin
|
(1137-93)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Salome
|
(1st-c)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Samson
|
(c.11th-c BCE?)
|
Hebrew
|
Biblical hero. He was human and made a grave mistake, but nevertheless became an exemplar of strength and bravery.
|
1
|
|
Samudragupta
|
(?-c.380)
|
Indian
|
Emperor. He was a fighter but also a figure of culture and a model king.
|
1
|
|
Samuel
|
(llth-c Bc)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sanchez, Francisco
|
(c.1550-1623)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sand, George
|
(1804-76)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sandino, Augusto
|
(1895-1934)
|
Nicaraguan
|
Revolutionary. He opposed the U.S. occupation troops.
|
1
|
|
Sands, Bobby
|
(1954-1981)
|
Irish
|
Revolutionary. He died on a hunger strike.
|
1
|
|
Sanger, Margaret
|
(1883-1966)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sankara
|
(?700-?750)
|
|
|
3
|
|
Santayana, George
|
(1863-1952)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Sapir, Edward
|
(1884-1939)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sappho
|
(c.610-c.580 BCE)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sarah
|
( )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sardanapalus
|
(7th-c BCE)
|
Assyrian
|
Legendary king. His lifestyle was excoriated by the Hebrew prophets.
|
1
|
|
Sartre, Jean-Paul
|
(1905-80)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sassoon, Siegfried
|
(1886-1967)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Saul
|
(11th-c BCE)
|
Hebrew
|
King. A brave but tragic figure, he was undone by his own fears.
|
1
|
|
Saunders, Dame Cicely
|
(1918- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Saussure, Ferdinand de
|
(1857-1913)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Savonarola, Girolamo
|
(1452-98)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sayers, Dorothy
|
(1893-1957)
|
|
|
2
|
|