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Hauser, Gayelord
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(1895-1984)
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1
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Havel, Vaclav
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(1936- )
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Czechoslovakian
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Writer. He was jailed by the Communist regime. On its collapse, he was elected president of Czechoslovakia and then, after the division of the country, president of the Czech Republic. He was widely admired throughout the world for his wisdom, restraint, patience, and statesmanship.
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1
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Hawes, Harriet Boyd
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(1871-1945)
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American
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Archaeologist. She was the first woman to head a major archaeological excavation (Gournia in Crete) and otherwise promoted women's rights.
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1
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Hayek, Friedrich
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(1899-1992)
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Austrian
|
Economist. A student of his fellow Austrian, Ludwig von Mises, the two of them made the so-called Austrian School of Economics (strongly free market and laissez-faire) dominant in the late 1920's and early 1930's. It was then superceded by Keynesianism but began a comeback in the 1990's.
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2
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Hayes, Helen
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(1900-1993)
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American
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Actress. She exemplified high standards and high culture in theater.
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1
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Hays, Will
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(1879-1954)
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American
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Film censor. He policed "morality" in films.
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1
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Hayter, Stanley
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(1901-1988)
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English
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Artist. He tried to promote international cooperation.
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1
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Haywood, William
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(1869-1928)
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|
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1
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Head, Bessie
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(1937-1986)
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1
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Hearn, Lafcadio
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(1850-1904)
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1
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Hearst, William
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(1863-1951)
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American
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Newspaper magnate. A larger than life figure, he liked sensationalist news coverage (to sell more copies), political influence, and a lavish lifestyle.
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1
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Hecht, Ben
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(1894-1964)
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|
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1
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Hefner, Hugh
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(1926- )
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American
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Founder of Playboy Magazine, which advocated a sexually promiscuous lifestyle.
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1
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Hegel, Georg
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(1770-1831)
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|
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2
|
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Heidegger, Martin
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(1889-1976)
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|
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1
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Heine, Heinrich
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(1797-1856)
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|
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1
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Heliogabalus
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(204-222)
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Roman
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Boy emperor. He reportedly indulged in lurid orgies, and was murdered at 18.
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1
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Heller, Joseph
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(1923- )
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|
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1
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Hellman, Lillian
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(1907-1984)
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|
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1
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Hellodorus
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(fi.3rd-c)
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|
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1
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Helvetius, Claude-Adrien
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(1715-1771)
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|
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2
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Hemingway, Ernest
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(1899-1961)
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|
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1
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Henry VIII
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(1491-1547)
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English
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King. His appetites, corpulence, and seven wives became legendary.
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1
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Henry the Navigator (Prince)
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(1394-1460)
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Portuguese
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Sponsor of exploration. He sent ships to explore the African coast.
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1
|
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Henry V
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(1387-1422)
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English
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King. His sudden "growing up" and courage at the battle of Agincourt is chronicled by Shakespeare.
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1
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Henry, O
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(1862-1910)
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|
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1
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Henry, Patrick
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(1736-1799)
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American
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Revolutionary. He became famous for saying: "Give me liberty or give me death."
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1
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Henty,G.A.
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(1832-1902)
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|
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2
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Hepburn, Katharine
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(1909- )
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|
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1
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Heraclitus
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(?-460 BCE)
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|
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1
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Herbert, Edward
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(1583-1648)
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English
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English soldier, statesman, philosopher. Public figure and philosopher. He believed that reason, not faith, should provide the foundation for religion. Often considered the first "deist," he nevertheless posited a God active enough to reward or punish in an afterlife.
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2
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|
Herder, Johann
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(1744-1803)
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|
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1
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|
Hereward
|
(?-c.1080)
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English
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Political leader and fighter. He continued the fight against William The Conqueror, won fame for his derring-do, and became a figure of romance.
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1
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|
Hermes, Georg
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(1775-1831)
|
|
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1
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|
Herod
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(c.73-4 BCE)
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Hebrew
|
King of Judea. He ordered the slaying of babies.
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1
|
|
Herod Antipas
|
(?-39)
|
Hebrew
|
Judean king. He killed John the Baptist.
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1
|
|
Herod Antipas
|
(?-39)
|
Hebrew
|
King of Judea. He killed John the Baptist.
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1
|
|
Herodotos
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(c.485-425 BCE)
|
Greek
|
Like Shakespeare, he is a wonderful source for understanding human nature, also the adventure of history.
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1
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|
Herriot, James
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(1916-1995)
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|
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1
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|
Herskovits, Melville
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(1895-1963)
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|
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1
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Herzl, Theodor
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(1860-1904)
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Hungarian
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Jewish leader. He became the leader of world Zionism, espousing a home for the Jews in Palestine, and became the first president of the World Zionist Organization.
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2
|
|
Hesiod
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(f1.8th-BCE)
|
|
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1
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|
Hess, Rudolph
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(1894-1987)
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German
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Nazi leader. He was deputy leader of the Nazi Part until, in 1941, he decided entirely on his own to say goodbye to his family, fly to, and parachute into, Scotland in order to try to negotiate a peace between Germany and Britain. He spent the rest of his life in prison.
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1
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|
Hesse, Hermann
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(1877-1962)
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|
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1
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Heston, Charlton
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(1923- )
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American
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Actor, director. He became a political activist on the "right."
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1
|
|
Heydrich, Reinhard
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(1904-1942)
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German
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Nazi leader. He was deputy chief of the Gestapo or secret police.
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1
|
|
Heyerdahl, Thor
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(1914-2002)
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Norwegian
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Archaeologist and adventurer. He began adult life by seeking solitude and the simple life on a South Pacific island. He then sailed a balsa raft from South America to the South Pacific in order to help prove his theory that the Pacific had been populated in this way, a theory which has not won acceptance. He also excavated on Easter Island and in Peru, sailed another recreated ancient boat across the Atlantic to the Caribbean with a multi-national crew selected to highlight the principle of international amity and cooperation.
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2
|
|
Hiawatha
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(16th-c)
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American Indian
|
Indian chief. A legendary figure immortalized in Longfellow's poem as a symbol of the "noble savage," he helped create the powerful Iroquois League.
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1
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|
Hick, John
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(1922- )
|
|
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1
|
|
Hicks, Elias
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(1748-1830)
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|
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1
|
|
Hideyoshi, Toyotomi
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(1536-1598)
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Japanese
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General. He united the country through his campaigns.
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1
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|
Higginson, Thomas
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(1823-1911)
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|
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1
|
|
Hilarion, St.
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(c.291-371)
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|
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1
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|
Hildegard of Bingen, St.
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(1098-1199)
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German
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Nun. She had visions, became an important mystic, led her followers across Germany until they found the right site for her own convent.
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2
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|
Hill, Octavia
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(1838-1912)
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|
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1
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|
Hill, Patty
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(1868-1946)
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American
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Educator. She developed the idea of "learning through play."
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1
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|
Hillary, Sir Edmund
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(1919- )
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New Zealander
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Explorer. He was the first (with his sherpa companion) to climb Mt. Everest.
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2
|
|
Hillel
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(1stc BCE-1st-c)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Hillman, Sidney
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(1887-1946)
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|
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1
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|
Hilton, James
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(1900-1954)
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|
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1
|
|
Himmler, Heinrich
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(1900-1945)
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German
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Nazi leader. He was chief of the Gestapo or secret police, and was especially involved in the mass murder of Jews and others.
|
1
|
|
Hincmar
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(c.806-882)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Hine, Lewis
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(1874-1940)
|
American
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Photographer. His photographs of abused working children helped to strengthen child labor laws.
|
1
|
|
Hippias of Elis
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(5th-c BC)
|
Greek
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Sophist. It seemed that he could talk knowledgeably about anything.
|
1
|
|
Hippocrates
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(c.460-c.377 BC)
|
|
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1
|
|
Hippolytus, St.
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(170-235)
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|
|
1
|
|
Hitchcock, Sir Alfred
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(1899-1980)
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English
|
Film director. He was a master of suspense and the macabre.
|
1
|
|
Hitler, Adolf
|
(1889-1945)
|
Austrian-German
|
Nazi dictator, mass murderer on an enormous scale.
|
3
|
|
Ho Chi-Minh
|
(1892-1969)
|
Vietnamese
|
Political leader. He defeated the French, then launched a war to unify his country under Communism.
|
1
|
|
Hobbes, Thomas
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(1588-1679)
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|
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3
|
|
Hobson, Thomas
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(c.1544-1631)
|
English
|
Stable keeper. In the language of valuation, a Hobson's choice is one in which there really is no choice. This derives from Hobson who allowed Cambridge University students to choose any horse so long as it was the first in line.
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1
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|
Hochhuth, Rolf
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(1931- )
|
|
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1
|
|
Hoffa, Jimmy
|
(1913-1975)
|
American
|
Head of the Teamster's Union. He was an associate of gangsters and was murdered.
|
1
|
|
Hoffmann, August
|
(1798-1874)
|
German
|
Poet and songwriter. He wrote Deutschland uber Alles, chosen as the German national anthem in 1922.
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1
|
|
Hogan, Paul
|
(1941- )
|
Australian
|
Actor. He seemed to represent (as Crocodile Dundee) another type of "tough man."
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1
|
|
Holiday, Billie
|
(1915-1959)
|
American
|
Singer. She became an immortal of the jazz and the "blues."
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1
|
|
Holland, Henry
|
(1773-1840)
|
English
|
19th-c. liberal. He opposed slavery, supported free trade, and reformed the criminal law.
|
1
|
|
Holliday, Doc
|
(1852-1887)
|
American
|
Adventurer. He was a legendary wild west figure.
|
1
|
|
Holly, Buddy
|
(1936-1959)
|
American
|
Singer, songwriter. He exemplified a "naive" style of "rock and roll."
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1
|
|
Holmes, Oliver
|
(1841-1935)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Homer
|
(c.9th-c BCE)
|
|
|
3
|
|
Honorius I
|
(?-638)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Hontheim, Johann
|
(1701-90)
|
|
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1
|
|
Hook, Sidney
|
(1902-1989)
|
American
|
Philosopher. A student and expositor of Marx and Dewey, he was a prominent naturalist (someone who excludes other-worldly explanations), but not a materialist. At first an exponent of political Marxism, he abandoned that, but still believed strongly in social justice.
|
1
|
|
Hooker, Richard
|
(1554-1600)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Hooks, Benjamin
|
(1925- )
|
|
|
1
|
|
Hoover, Herbert
|
(1874-1964)
|
American
|
President. After a very successful career as a businessman, humanitarian, and secretary of commerce, he became president just as the Depression was starting and was defeated for re-election. For many years the popular view was that his inaction deepened the Depression. More recently some economists have argued that his actions, like Roosevelt's, deepened it.
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1
|
|
Hoover, J. Edgar
|
(1895-1972)
|
American
|
FBI director. He held the office for almost half a century--John Kennedy reportedly reappointed him because he "knew too much," both from agents and from his ubiquitous wiretaps. Gangsters and Communist agents were targets of the wiretaps but so were Martin Luther King, Jr. and many others. In his lifetime, Hoover was a hero to the average American, but since his death has been much criticized.
|
1
|
|
Hope, Anthony
|
(1863-1933)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Hope, Bob
|
(1903-2003)
|
English
|
Comedian. He came to embody comedy, and also won notice for his trips to entertain American troops.
|
1
|
|
Hope, Thomas
|
(1769-1831)
|
English
|
Designer. A lover of Egyptian and other ancient designs, he created a vogue of using them in Regency England.
|
1
|
|
Hopkins, Samuel
|
(1721-1803)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Horace
|
(65-8 BCE)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Horatio
|
|
Roman
|
He defended a bridge single-handedly, saved Rome, and came to exemplify bravery.
|
3
|
|
Horatius Cocles
|
(c.510 BCE)
|
Roman
|
Citizen soldier. An exemplar of courage, he stood alone on a bridge facing an entire Etruscan army until the city gates could be closed.
|
1
|
|
Horkheirner, Max
|
(1895-1973)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Horne, Lena
|
(1917- )
|
American
|
Singer. She led the way for what were called "colored" singers, and did popular and classical music.
|
1
|
|
Horney, Karen
|
(1885-1952)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Houston, Sam
|
(1793-1863)
|
American
|
Soldier, politician, father of Texas independence. He persevered in the face of unfavorable odds.
|
1
|
|
Howard, John
|
(1726-90)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Howard, Leslie
|
(1893-1943)
|
English
|
Actor. He became a symbol of men who, while not outwardly "tough," are stronger than they look, brave, and good.
|
1
|
|
Howe, Julia
|
(1819-1910)
|
American
|
Feminist. During the Civil War, she wrote The Battle Hymn of the Republic. After the end of slavery, which she had campaigned against, she turned her attention to securing a woman's right to vote and founded the New England Woman Suffrage Association.
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2
|
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