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Campion, Edmund, St
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(1540-81)
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1
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Camus, Albert
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(1913-1960)
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1
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Canetti, Elias
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(1905-1994)
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1
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Canning, George
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(1770-1827)
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English
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Politician. He was an advocate of religious tolerance and free trade.
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1
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Cao Xuequin
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(1715-1763)
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1
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Capone, AI
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(1899-1947)
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American
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Leader of Chicago "mob." He made a fortune selling illegal liquor during Prohibition amidst a general breakdown of law and order. Prosecutors found it difficult to convict him, but finally succeeded with a charge of tax evasion.
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1
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Capote, Tuman
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(1924-1984)
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1
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Cardigan, James
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(1797-1868)
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English
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General. He led the doomed charge of the light brigade in the Crimea, an example of following an order even though one knows it to be mistaken.
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1
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Cardin, Pierre
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(1922- )
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French
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Fashion designer. He was also noted as an authority on "taste" and a supporter of the arts.
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1
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Carlile, Richard
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(1790-1843)
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English
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Journalist. He fought for press freedom.
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1
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Carlyle, Thomas
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(1795-1881)
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1
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Carmichael, Stokely
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(1941-1998)
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American
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Black rights advocate and revolutionary. Unlike Martin Luther King, he refused to eschew violence and promoted what he called "black power" as a member of the "Black Panther" party.
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1
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Carnap, Rudolf
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(1891-1970)
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1
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Carneades
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(c.214-129 BCE)
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1
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Carnegie, Andrew
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(1835-1919)
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American
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Entrepreneur. He consolidated the U.S. steel industry and then gave away most of his vast fortune, the largest in the world at the time.
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3
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Carnegie, Dale
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(1888-1955)
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2
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Carpenter, Mary
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(1807-77)
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1
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Carpini, John
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(c.1182-c.1253)
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Italian
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Traveler. A priest, Pope Innocent IV selected him to act as his ambassador to the Mongol Emperor. His journey to Mongolia took him over a year, and he provided the first European account of the Mongol court.
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2
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Carpocrates of Alexandria
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(2nd-c)
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2
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Carrier, Jean Baptiste
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(1756-1794)
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French
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Violent revolutionary. A follower of Robespierre during the French Revolution, he killed thousands of prisoners but was eventually killed himself.
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1
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Carroll, Lewis
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(1832-1898)
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1
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Carson, Rachel
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(1907-1964)
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American
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Environmentalist. She raised a battle cry against the use of farm pesticides in her 1962 book, Silent Spring. An earlier book, The Sea Around Us, had described the danger of contaminating the oceans.
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3
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Carter, Jimmy
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(1924- )
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American
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U.S. president. He tried to combine his Christian evangelism with politics, emphasized human rights around the world, and brokered a historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt. Whether he was a pacifist at heart, the first in the White House, is unclear. Raging inflation, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the taking of U.S. hostages in Iran all contributed to his defeat by Ronald Reagan. After his defeat, he created the Carter Center, which fought disease in Africa, monitored foreign elections, and underwrote missions of personal diplomacy.
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2
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Cartland, Barbara
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(1901- )
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1
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Cartwright Edmund
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(1743-1823)
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1
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Cartwright, John
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(1740-1824)
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1
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Carver, George Washington
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(c.1864-1943)
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American
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Researcher. A black scientist whose parents were slaves, he saved Southern agriculture by demonstrating how to restore the cotton ravaged soil with peanuts and other crops.
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2
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Carver, John
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(c.1575-1621)
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1
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Casanova
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*
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3
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Cassander
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(c.358-297 BCE)
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Madedonian
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King. In order to secure the Macedonian Throne, he murdered Alexander the Great's wife and son.
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1
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Cassidy, Butch (Parker, Robert Leroy)
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(1866?-1909)
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American
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Robber, mostly in the U.S. He teamed up with the "Sundance Kid," but was finally killed in?
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1
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Cassirer, Ernst
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(1874-1945)
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2
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Castiglione, Baldassare
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(1478-1529)
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2
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Castro, Fidel
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(1927- )
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Cuban
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Communist revolutionary, prime minister, president. He tried to plant Communism throughout South America and bitterly opposed the United States.
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1
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Catesby, Robert
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(1573-1605)
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|
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1
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Catherine de' Medici
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(1519-1589)
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French
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Queen. She ruled as regent several times during the reigns of her three sons and eventually put her son-in-law on the throne as Henry IV.
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2
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Catherine of Siena
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(1347-80)
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2
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Catherine, St
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(?-307)
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1
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Catlin, George
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(1796-1872)
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American
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Artist. He recorded and interpreted American Indian life.
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1
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Cato, Marcus
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(234-149 BCE)
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Roman
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Political leader. Known for his rectitude and severity, he repeatedly advised the destruction of Carthage.
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1
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Catt, Carrie
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(1859-1947)
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1
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Catullus, Gaius
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(c.84-c.54 BCE)
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3
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Cavafy, Constantine
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(1863-1933)
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3
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Cavell, Edith
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(1865-1915)
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English
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Nurse. An English nurse, she bravely continued to work in Belgium during the German occupation of World War I. Eventually the Germans accused her of aiding the enemy and executed her.
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1
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Cavendish, William
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(1592-1676)
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1
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Cavour, Camillo
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(1810-1861)
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Italian
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Political leader. He was a leading figure in the unification of Italy.
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1
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Cayley, Sir George
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(1771-1857)
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English
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Glider designer. He fabricated a glider that could carry a human passenger, the first step toward airplanes.
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1
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Ceausescu, Nicolae
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(1918-1989)
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Romanian
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Dictator. He razed historic Romanian buildings and oppressed his people.
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1
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Cecil, Robert
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(1830-1903)
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1
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Cecilia, St
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(2nd-c or 3rd-c)
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1
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Celestine V, St,
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(c.1215-96)
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|
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1
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Cellini, Benvenuto
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(1500-1571)
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Italian
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Sculptor. A brilliant sculptor in stone and fabricator in precious metals, he loved fame, adulation, money, success, pleasure, lived a picaresque and sometimes violent life, and described it all in his hard to put down autobiography.
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3
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Cenci, Beatrice
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(1577-1599)
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Italian
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Noblewoman. She defended herself from the sexual advances of her father and was wrongly executed.
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1
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Cervantes, Miguel de
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(1547-1616)
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3
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Chalmers, Thomas
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(1780-1847)
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1
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Chamberlain, Neville
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(1869-1940)
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English
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Prime minister. His policy of "appeasement" toward Hitler failed.
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1
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Chambers, Ephraim
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(c.1680-1740)
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1
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Chandler, Raymond
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(1888-1959)
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1
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Chandragupta II
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(4th-c)
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Indian
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Gupta emperor. The high culture of India especially flourished during his long reign.
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1
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Channon, Henry (Sir)
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(1897-1958)
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American-British
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Politician, social host, and writer. His diaries recorded British social and political life before, during, and after World War II.
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3
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Chaplin, Charlie
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(1889-1977)
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English
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Comic actor, director. He exemplified zaniness.
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1
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Charlemagne
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(742-814)
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Frank
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Emperor. He united much of Europe and promoted industry, learning, and the arts.
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1
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Chateaubriand, Francois
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(1768-1848)
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|
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1
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Cheops/Khufu
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(26th-c BCE)
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Egyptian
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King. He ordered the building of the Great Pyramid, viewed by some as a great accomplishment, by others as an embodiment of self love and grandiosity.
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1
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Chesnut, Mary
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(1823-1886)
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1
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Chesnutt, Charles
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(1858-1932)
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1
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Chesterton, G.
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(1874-1936)
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|
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1
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Child, Julia
|
|
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3
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Chomsky, Noam
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(1928- )
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American
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Linguist. He developed his own structuralist approach to linguistics, which remained highly controversial, and also became a leading American political radical, especially during the Vietnam War.
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1
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Chretien de Troyes
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(?-c.1183)
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1
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Christie, Agatha
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(1890-1976)
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1
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Churchill, Sir Winston
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(1874-1965)
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English
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Prime minister. He loved excitement, adventure, and fame, as described in his remarkable memoir of his youth, A Roving Commission. Early political success followed, then crushing reversals. In 1940, however, he thwarted any idea of reaching a deal with Hitler, led Britain as it stood alone against the Nazis, and thus saved the world from barbarism.
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3
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Cicero, Marcus
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(106-43 BC)
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Roman
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Political leader, orator, writer. He was the most famous orator of the ancient world after Demosthenes, also made important contributions to philosophy, mostly as a popularizer and preserver of the works of others. After attacking Mark Anthony, he learned that the latter's soldiers intended to kill him. Too infirm to walk, he tried to escape in a litter born by slaves but was overtaken and dispatched.
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1
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Cincinnatus, Lucius
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(5th-c BCE)
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Roman
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Roman leader. He came to represent the ideal statesman.
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2
|
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Clare Of Assisi, ST
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(1194-1253)
|
|
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1
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Clarke, Samuel
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(1675-1729)
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English
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Theologian. He sought to prove God's existence logically and even mathematically.
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1
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Claudel, Paul
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(1868-1955)
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French
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Author. After he became a Catholic, he became the leader of French Catholic intellectuals.
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1
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Clement of Alexandria, St.
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(c.150-c.215)
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|
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1
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Cleopatra VII
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(69-30 BCE)
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Egyptian
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Queen. The lover of Julius Caesar and then of Mark Antony, she became a symbol of the amatory arts and of high political adventure.
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1
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Clinton, Bill
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(1946- )
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American
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President of the U.S. He was known for his youth, intelligence, and charm, but also for his series of marital infidelities and deceptions, which culminated in a much publicized affair with a young White House intern. He famously responded to a prosecutor's question by saying that the answer depended on what the meaning of "is" is.
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1
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Cobb, Ty
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(1886-1961)
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|
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2
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Cobden, Richard
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(1804-1865)
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English
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A member of the British parliament and an economist, he fervently preached the benefits of free trade.
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1
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Cochran, Jacqueline
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(1910-1980)
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American
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Aviator. She was the first woman to break the sound barrier.
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1
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Cocteau, Jean
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(1889-1963)
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French
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Author, film director, and leader of French cultural circles, he expressed a sense of whimsy and fantasy.
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1
|
|
Cody, William
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(1846-1917)
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American
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Impresario. He helped create and interpreted the myth of the wild west.
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1
|
|
Coffin, Henry Sloane
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(1877-1954)
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American
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Presbyterian minister. He led the Union Theological Seminary in New York, a center of protestant Christian liberalism, and rejected a literal interpretation of scripture.
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1
|
|
Cohen, Hermann
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(1842-1912)
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German
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Philosopher. He combined Kantian ideas with Judaism.
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1
|
|
Cohn, Roy
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(1927-1986)
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American
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Lawyer, political figure, and intense fighter. He came to fame as assistant to Senator Joseph McCarthy during the latter's campaign to purge the U.S. government of Communists. As a private lawyer in New York, he remained continually embattled and controversial, successfully defended himself against federal charges, but was eventually disbarred. He had many affairs with younger men and died of AIDS.
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1
|
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Cole, George
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(1889-1958)
|
|
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1
|
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Colenso, John
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(1814-83)
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|
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1
|
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Coleridge, Samuel
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(1772-1834)
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|
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1
|
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Columba, St.
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(521-97)
|
|
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1
|
|
Columbus, Christopher
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(1451-1506)
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Italian
|
Explorer. He brought North America into the European world.
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1
|
|
Comte, Auguste
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(1798-1857)
|
|
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3
|
|
Condillac, Etienne
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(1715-1780)
|
|
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1
|
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Condorcet, Marie
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(1743-1794)
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French
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Revolutionary and writer. He was briefly a revolutionary leader but fell victim to the extremists.
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1
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Cone, James
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(1938- )
|
|
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1
|
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Confucius (kongfuzi)
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(551-479 BC)
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Chinese
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Social thinker. Like Buddhism, Confucianism began as a philosophy, based on the recorded sayings of the founder, but gradually evolved into a religion, and for many centuries was the state religion of China. Confucian thought was very conservative, emphasizing the veneration of parents, ancestors, and state authorities. But it taught that parents or rulers should not be selfish or authoritarian, but rather aspire to a high standard of courtesy and conduct, and unselfishly work for the betterment of those below them.
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3
|
|
Connery, Sean
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(1930- )
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Scottish
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Actor. The original James Bond, he came to represent another kind of ultra worldly "tough" man.
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1
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Connolly, Cyril
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(1903-1974)
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|
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1
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Conrad, Joseph
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(1857-1924)
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|
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1
|
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